Footnotes & Glossary

1. Kangaroo nets were made with mesh of 2 or 3 inches and stretched between trees. Kangaroos were chased towards the nets, where they were clubbed or speared. Aborigines would ask some new settlers to shoot the kangaroos once caught. [(2). pp. 84]

2. Turrwan means Great Man [(2). pp. 319]

3. Kippa means Young Man [(2). pp. 319]

4. Mallara means Grown Man [(2). pp. 319]

5. Jundal means Woman [(2). pp. 319]

6. Puddang means Mother [(2). pp. 319]

7. Nam-ul means Baby [(2). pp. 319]

8. Narring means Son [(2). pp. 319]

9. Bing means Father [(2). pp. 319]

10. Yinnell means Creek or Gully [(2). pp. 319]

11. Warril means Creek (Ipswich dialect) [(2). pp. 319]

12. Baggur means Wood [(2). pp. 319]

13. Bunggil means Grass [(2). pp. 319]

14. Banyo means Ridge [(2). pp. 319]

15. Bippo means Mountain [(2). pp. 319]

16. Mundo means Ridge (Wide Bay dialect) [(2). pp. 319]

17. Tunba means Mountain (Wide Bay dialect) [(2). pp. 319]

18. Yaggaar means No [(2). pp. 319]

19. Ya-wai means Yes [(2). pp. 319]

20. Bi-gi means Sun [(2). pp. 319]

21. Killen means Moon [(2). pp. 319]

22. Mirrigin means Stars [(2). pp. 319]

23. Kurumba means Big [(2). pp. 319]

24. Berpi means Little [(2). pp. 319]

25. Kal-lang-ur means Good (Maroochy dialect) [(2). pp. 319]

26. Kanggungun (Kang-goon-goon) means Laughing Jackass [(2). pp. 319]

27. Tunggi means Native Companion [(2). pp. 319]

28. Wargan means Crow [(2). pp. 319]

29. Konggong means Egg [(2). pp. 319]

30. To-wan means Fish [(2). pp. 319]

31. Kinnen means Mosquito [(2). pp. 319]

32. Dibbin means Common House Fly [(2). pp. 319]

33. Tchidna means Track of Foot [(2). pp. 319]

34. Muru means Nose [(2). pp. 319]

35. Murra means Hand [(2). pp. 319]

36. Mil means Eye [(2). pp. 319]

37. Pidna means Ear [(2). pp. 319]

38. Tambur means Mouth [(2). pp. 319]

39. Tiar (tear) means Teeth [(2). pp. 319]

40. Mag-ul means Head [(2). pp. 319]

41. Wadli means Bad [(2). pp. 319]

42. Mugara means Thunder [(2). pp. 319]

43. Kan-nang-ur means Thirsty [(2). pp. 319]

44. Millen means Plenty [(2). pp. 319]

45. Tu-gun means Sea Waves [(2). pp. 319]

46. Kirri means North [(2). pp. 319]

47. Tun-gur means South [(2). pp. 319]

48. Wian means West [(2). pp. 319]

49. Burgin means East [(2). pp. 319]

50. An-an means Grey Eagle Hawk [(2). pp. 319]

51. Tu-wai means Black Eagle Hawk [(2). pp. 319]

52. Budar means Eagle Hawk (Wide Bay Dialect) [(2). pp. 319]

53. Tallabilla means Outlaw [(2). pp. 319]

54. Nallan-kalli means Liar [(2). pp. 319]

55. Mirbong means Net for Kangaroo [(2). pp. 319]

56. Muntong means Net for Paddymelons [(2). pp. 319]

57. Bula means Two [(2). pp. 319]

58. Bula-Bula means Four [(2). pp. 319]

59. Darlobolpal means Camping Place [(2). pp. 319]

60. Tabbil-yanmunna means Running Water [(2). pp. 319]

61. Inta Tabbil balka-i means "You. Water. Fetch it." [(2). pp. 319]

62. Mianjin ngatta yarrana means "Brisbane, I'm going." [(2). pp. 319]

63. Inta wanna yarrana means "You, where going?" [(2). pp. 319]

64. Yin wanna yan man means "You, where going?" (Wide Bay Dialect) [(2). pp. 319]

65. The Swamp Fern, or Bangwal Fern, is known as the Blechnum Indicum in J.G Steele's Early Explorers of the Moreton Bay District [(1). pp. 67] and in Symon's Bush Heritage [(5). pp.47]. Tom Petrie's Reminiscences of Queensland [(2). pp. 318], however, identifies it as Blechnum Serrulatum. However, Blechnum Indicum is the modern accepted identity of the plant.

Reading the Narrative of Thomas Pamphlet (4) the Moreton Island and Stradbroke Island natives called it Dingowa, the Turrbal people (Brisbane) called it Bangwal, and the Ngunda people called it Bungwal. Richard Parsons in the Australian article goes on to say, "...a very nutritious root, something like fern, but larger; it is found in swamps." (6)

Symon's 'Bush Heritage' explains the cakes made from the root were called Dingowa, and the roots called Bang'wal. He then says,

"Important food source. Staple plant and food in wallum areas. Can be eaten any time but best during the dry. Root dug up usually by the women. Large quantities at a time were collected. They could be stored in the shade for a couple of days.

Preparation: The roots were dried in the sun, then lightly roasted to remove the hair rootlets, then peeled with the fingernails, chopped on a log to break the fibres which run through the roots. After this chopping and hammering it was mixed with water and other ingredients and rounded into a lump for cooking. ...

...Widespread in coastal swamps. Found in paperbark open forest as occurs at Coolum, Mudjimba, Lake Weyba. Some Blechnum Indicum grows in mountain swamps as at Mapleton and Kenilworth Bluff. Also occurs at Raven St Reserve near Chermside and offshore islands of Moreton Bay." [(5). pp. 47]

66. Dilly Bags or "dilli" is the genuine name for Turrbal aborigine baskets or bags. They were often made from rushes, grass or bark string depending on the flora available. [(2). pp. 106-108] Men and women both used dillies. [(2). pp. 20, 35, 38, 56, 58, 72] Kippas were given a dilli in their kippa-making ceremony. [(2). pp. 43]

67. A 'pikki' is explained by Tom Petrie as a "...pot made from bark, or the flower-leaf of the palm." [(2). pp. 64] It was "was fashioned from the sheath of the palm flower (Archontophoenix Cunninghamii)." [(2). pp. 105] and was often used to carry water for drinking and carrying honey. [(2). pp. 15, 75, 79]

68. A 'pickaninny' or (plural 'pickaninnies') means a aboriginal child. In the present day it is considered a racial term.

69. The scrub tree Tom Petrie refers to here is most likely a type of wattle tree (Acacia).